Re-emergence of pertussis despite high vaccination coverage in western countries, results in increased risk for severe and even fatal pertussis among newborns. For this reason, late 2015 the Dutch Health Council (HC) advised to offer 3rd trimester pertussis vaccination to pregnant women. At the start of the maternal pertussis programme late 2019, the maternal Tdap was advised from 22w of gestation onwards. Preterms, accounting for 8% of newborns in the Netherlands, are at highest risk for severe pertussis leading to prolonged hospital and intensive care admissions and sometimes death. Recently, it has become evident that despite 3rd trimester vaccination, preterms remain at high risk because the vaccination is likely given too late for sufficient antibody transfer. For this vulnerable group 2nd trimester vaccination may offer better protection because of extended time for antibody transfer. To date, most countries recommend 3rd trimester vaccination to protect young, not yet (fully) vaccinated infants. Data from England show 91% effectiveness against infant pertussis after maternal Tetanus- diphtheria -acellular Pertussis (Tdap) vaccination in the 3rd trimester. Studies focussing on preterms and protection after maternal vaccination are scarce. Two observational studies reported on effectiveness and antibody levels in cord blood of 2nd trimester vaccination in term infants. While one study showed significantly higher antibody levels after 2nd trimester vaccination (13-25 gestational weeks; GW), another study showed decreased effectiveness of 2nd trimester (<27 GW) vaccination. Only one study concerned antibody transfer in preterms and reported higher antibody levels after 2nd (n=37) than after 3rd (n=48) trimester vaccination. Aiming to contribute to setting optimal vaccine strategy of maternal pertussis vaccination in the Netherlands and elsewhere and particular for the most vulnerable group of preterms, we propose a study that compares pertussis antibody levels in preterms and terms after 2nd trimester maternal vaccination. We can compare these to data we have on 3rd trimester Tdap in terms. In addition to adequate antibody levels, success of 2nd trimester vaccination depends on acceptance of this strategy by pregnant women and professionals. Our primary endpoint is IgG anti-pertussis toxin (Pt) antibody concentration in preterms and terms at 2m of age, Pt is considered the most relevant antibody for protection against clinical pertussis. Secondary endpoints are e.g. pertussis specific antibody concentrations in preterms and terms in cord blood and in women at delivery. Determinants of acceptance of 2nd trimester maternal vaccination are also a secondary endpoint. Antibody concentrations will be assessed in serum, using a fluorescent bead-based multiplex immunoassay, with required blood volume of minimal 100µl. For the survey on acceptance, we aim to have 4 groups of 100 women each, i.e. women who are pregnant for the 1st time, women who already gave birth and in both groups women with and without a known increased risk of preterm delivery. For the immunogenicity part, we aim to have at least 60 preterms and 60 terms, as this is, according to experts, the minimum number to enable good comparisons. Pregnant women will be offered 2nd trimester pertussis vaccination. Both among acceptors and non-acceptors acceptance of 2nd trimester vaccination will be assessed. Women are first asked to participate in the acceptance part after the 1st antenatal visit to a midwife or obstetrician. They fill in a questionnaire to assess behavioral determinants and beliefs that underlie acceptance of 2nd trimester maternal vaccination. Only after this consent, women will be asked to participate in the immunogenicity part. Hereby, women will receive Tdap after they have the 20w standard anomaly ultrasound scan (20-24 GW). Vaccinated women will be followed until delivery. All preterms and a random selection of 60 terms, all of vaccinated mothers, will be followed until 2m of age, i.e. just before start of the NIP. By including both women in primary and secondary antenatal care, we aim to enrich our study population with women who are at increased risk for preterm delivery, as these women are usually seen by an obstetrician. Data from our study will determine whether 2nd trimester Tdap leads to sufficient Pt antibodiy concentration in terms and preterms compared to 3rd trimester vaccination. Furthermore, we will have knowledge about obstacles for acceptance and can tailor information for all pregnant women to overcome these. Finally, given that in near future besides pertussis other maternal vaccines are likely to become available for prevention of severe disease in newborns (RSV, GBS), in particular in preterms, this study generates essential knowledge for future vaccine policy of maternal vaccines.

genexpressie in stamcellen na blootstelling aan verschillende concentraties ftalaten

Genexpressie in longen van volwassen en oude muizen na infectie met RSV

RNAseq op zebravisembryos en zebravislever

De kaart toont buurten met een lage leefbaarheid gebaseerd op de dimensies wonen en fysieke omgeving. De leefbaarheid van de buurt kan worden weergegeven met de leefbaarometer. De leefbaarheidscore wordt hierbij bepaald aan de hand van circa 100 indicatoren binnen 5 dimensies: Woningen, Fysieke omgeving, Voorzieningen, Bewoners en Veiligheid. Buurten die lager scoren kunnen kwetsbaarder zijn voor de risico’s van klimaatverandering. Het verhogen van de veerkracht van deze buurten m.b.t. klimaatrisico’s is met name haalbaar door klimaatadaptiemaatregelen die de dimensies wonen en fysieke omgeving positief beïnvloeden.

Verschillende soorten niet-genotoxisch carcinogenen, getest in primaire hepatocyten

Data is niet algemeen beschikbaar. CC-BY 3.0 licentie betreft de metadata niet de dataset Wetenschappelijk, surveillance onderzoek naar het naso en oropharyngeale dragerschap van o.a. pneumokokken en meningokokken bacteriën voor evaluatie van de pneumokokken- en meningokokkenvaccinatie binnen het RVP (conform het onderzoeksprotocol met ABR nr. NL65919.100.18). De OKIDOKI-5 verzameld in de winter dataset omvat gegevens van 331 kinderen (24 maanden oud), 329 ouders en 53 broers/zussen (24 maanden t/m 6 jaar). Van deze deelnemers zijn keel, neus (uitgezonderd broers/zussen) en speekselsamples afgenomen. Ook is er een vragenlijst afgenomen (o.a. gezondheid, kinderopvang en gezinsgrootte). Bacterie isolaten zijn geïdentificeerd (inclusief subtypering voor pneumokokken en meningokokken). Scientific surveillance research of naso and oropharyngeal carriage of, among others, pneumococcal and meningococcal bacteria for the evaluation of pneumococcal and meningococcal vaccination in the National Immunization Program (following the research protocol ABR nr NL65919.100.18). The OKIDOKI-5 dataset contains data of 331 children (24-months old), 329 parents and 53 siblings (age 24 months up until 6 years of age). Of these participants nose (excluding siblings), throat and saliva samples are collected. Also questionnaire data (containing health data, daycare and family size). Bacteria isolated are identified (and subtyped in case of pneumococcal and meningococcal bacteria).

Genexpressie in keratinocyten na blootstelling aan sensibiliserende of irriterende stoffen

De preparatiezones geven de gebieden aan waarbinnen beschermende maatregelen voor de bevolking zijn voorbereid, voor het geval dat er een ongeluk met een nucleaire installatie plaatsvindt. Afhankelijk van de werkelijke ernst van een incident kunnen de afstanden waarbinnen maatregelen worden ingesteld worden uitgebreid of verkleind, of zich beperken tot een deel van de cirkel. Voor de nucleaire installaties in België en Duitsland zijn vergelijkbare afstanden bepaald in het Landelijk Crisiplan Straling.

Buurten met een relatief hoog percentage eenzame en/of minder mobiele ouderen (65+) kunnen kwetsbaarder zijn voor de risico’s van klimaatverandering zoals wateroverlast en hittestress doordat zij geen sociaal netwerk hebben om hen te helpen of de mogelijkheid om zich te verplaatsen naar plekken waar deze klimaatrisico’s lager zijn (Kind et al. 2020). De kaart toont buurten met een relatief hoog percentage kwetsbare ouderen door eenzaamheid of minder mobiliteit.